Computerized banks are changing the financial scene in Nigeria with imaginative arrangements that address the financial requirements of numerous Nigerians. Today, there are a lot of applications offering credits, ventures, and reserve funds administrations.
In particular, the applications that offer reserve funds benefits presently make it simpler and more compensating for Nigerians to save, even amid a fixing economy. Interests on reserve funds applications are far higher than whatever customary banks offer on investment accounts. This makes sense of why a portion of these applications is getting a charge out of additional support from Nigerians.
One of the applications in this class is the V Application, possessed by VFD Microfinance Bank. The advanced bank works in offering individuals the capacity to save and get an exorbitant premium on their reserve funds. You can open a bank account in a short time with only your cell phone. With a V record, you can expect a smoothed-out computerized and portable financial experience, simple admittance to your record, and quick and secure exchanges, withdrawals, and bills.
As indicated by the organization, utilizing the application permits you to assume responsibility for your financial experience. Furthermore, there are no befuddling charges or administrative work as everything occurs on your telephone. The V application additionally permits clients to follow their costs and pay, bunch financial plans, and set spending limits.
A glance at the application
At 18MB download size, the V application figures out how to be in the middle between the enormous size applications and the light ones that don’t give clients memory space for cerebral pain. The UI looks basic and simple to explore. Furthermore, with north of 500,000 downloads on the Google Play Store alone, the application is one of the top picks for some Nigerians about investment funds.
Clients’ audits
Starting around the last count, more than 7,000 clients of the V application have surveyed it on the Google Play Store in light of their encounters. While the application appreciates lots of positive audits, a few issues experienced by clients highlight the way that it very well may be preferable over it at present. This is what the clients are talking about:
One of the clients, Ojo Ayobami John, said the application met the greater part of his assumptions yet has inadequacies that should be tended to.
“It’s an exquisite application and it met the vast majority of my assumptions. In any case, there are a couple of things that I’d like the engineer to deal with. It requires a great deal of investment before the application loads, particularly the principal page of the application. It’s upsetting to continuously get a sign-in notice each time I sign in to my record with a similar gadget. It would be great to do that if I sign in with an obscure and not my equivalent gadget. Once more, the application shouldn’t show my record balance in the wake of choosing the record,” he expressed.
For Onyemenonu Valuable, uncommon derivations for her are making the application seem to be an ordinary banking application.
“I was partaking in the application and it’s free charges yet out of nowhere, I’ve seen my cash being deducted one small step at a time, in some cases with charge cautions, and in some cases I won’t, get a charge alert. As of late some sum was sent into my record just for me to look at the equilibrium and observe that some cash was deducted I checked my exchange history nevertheless can’t track down any hint of it. What’s going on? You individuals ought to investigate it please,” she composed.
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Today I will like to talk about History
HISTORY OF LIBRARY
History means inquiry, investigation and research into the past human events, record of events,
process and techniques of making such records.
It can also be seen as knowledge of things
Said and done in the past.
History is the science of discovering the activities,
Concerned with human kind action in the past,
Pursued by interception of evidence
for the sake of human self knowledge.
It is not a meaningless story,
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men an women get to know themselves.
LIBRARY HISTORY
Library history is the branch of history
that investigates and studies the action of people;
the activities of agencies or the effect of social movement,
Librarians often pay attention to the uses if library history,
than to the nature of their professions history writing.
Librarianship as we know it can be fully apprehended
thank God almighty
through an understanding of it’s historic origins.
It is obvious that the librarian practice will be determined
Accurate and excellent
in fact by historical understanding and that less than librarian
has a clear historical consciousness he is quite
certain to serve his community badly.to avoid the mistake of the past because,
neither the canaaite not the Egyptians,nor the Greeks would have made any progress
if they did not learn from past civilization.
HOW LIBRARIES DEVELOPED
Libraries probably started as collection and repositories of documents,
letters,an bills received from monarchs administrators,
diplomats, contractors,records of religious rites and of agricultural products.
As administrators of the temple estate’s,the priest
have to give accounts if their stewardship to a divine master and their- colleagues
of accurate records of all receipts an expenditure.
Attached
Thus,there grew a place fir these deposits
for storage and preservation fir future use and consultation.
For the temple servants must be able
to give account of their stewardship.
IMPORTANCE IF HISTORY IF LIBRARIES.
The study of history o libraries is important for
library science students for many reasons:-
1.It is interesting and entertaining.
2.It increases curiosity in the students and enables him face the challenge of library work.
3.It also shows that librarian ate important personalities in their communities .
4.A realization of such importance would encourage him to be proud of the library profession.
5.The student would discover that the use or possession of libraries give joy and pride to their users anf owners.
6.For libraries to strive it’s funding should be very liberal.
7.Library buildings are especially constructed to be functional .
The area known as Mesopotamia I e in Asia (Middle East)lirs between the valleys if rivers Tigris and Euphrates .
Thisbis the lamd now occupied by Kuwait;it was hr main theater of civilization for iver 5,000 years ago.
These civilization include the Sumerian which exist between 6000-2502BC,
Wonderful
the Babylonian 2,500-1160BC. These civilizations built many monumental temples because they worshiped Manny gods,
rulers of the land occupied important position in the temporal and lives of their people.
Archaeologist have excavated a site at NIPPUR and a library was found with about 20,000 tablets,
also discovered was the library of Ashurbhipal (669-626BC) while the Assyrian king in his palace at Nineveh has about 22080 clay tablets.
These where the first libraries to be found in Mesopotamia.
EGYPTIAN LIBRARIES
Egypt is situated along the valley of river Nile.
The Nile flows from the East African plateau through a Delta to Mediterranean sea.
The civilization of the people of the Mesopotamia valley and Egypt happened at about the same time.
However,it is estimated that Egyptian civilization probably dated 500 years earlier,
But there has been no proof of the existence of other.
They developed the art of writing and of keeping records.
These records hav been one of the sources of our knowledge of Egyptian history.
Egyptian were also great collectors and built libraries,
or stored their written works in templates.
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Library work increases with thr increasing of school in the community.
The need to store or preserve these increasing literary works let to te growth of libraries.
Okay
Fir instance Ramess II (1304-1223BC) established a great Library of sacred literature
in Egypt over rthe library door was written: medicine for the soul “.
CHINESE LIBRARIES
Chinese or china had libraries which where used as achieves,
for government documents as early as 2550BC.
The library tradition was similar to thise un the Mesopotamia anv Egypt.
The first Librarian to be recorded u Chinese history is Lao-tzu who was the keeper of imperial achieves at Chou court.
He was a philosopher and the founder of Taoism;
the Chinese mystical philosophy.Chinese were the first to invent paper ,ink,
and printing from movable types.
The first Chinese book consists of about 17000 tortoise shells.
Maybe you
These were excavated from a pity in 1936 along with a human skeleton who was probably the librarian.
HEBREW LIBRARIES
Hebrews had a long tradition of history and deep respect for learning and books.
Their development of libraries date back over 2000BC.
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They had written records an tales and songs relating i Isarelites in search for a homeland
from around 1000BC giving birth to the Bible.
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They don’t have a fixed located library instead a mobile national library in the Ark of covenant.
But by the time of king Solomon an extensive library was developed in the Temple,
religious texts and archival material were kept.
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ISLAMIC CONTRIBUTION TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF LIBRARY
Many West Africans were literate in Arabic before the advent of Christianity and colonial rule,
and they were large private libraries of learned, Islamic scholars.
Book publishing in Africa actually began with the spread of Islam by the 17tg century;
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there were many foreign and locally produced manuscripts a
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available in circulation especially within the intellectual centres
of the trans -Sahara trade of Western Sudan.
Though most of the libraries that emerged at that period were private ones;
Besides that the character of Quranic Education in Northern Nigeria
and many African countries it emphasis on parrot learning and rote memorization.
The system did not encourage the use of library then.
The Quranic schools tended to be primarily moralistic institute concerned with molding the character of Islamic converts
Good
and with their ability to memorize and regurgitate the book of Quran.
In fact, according to Census Figured (1931)the number if Quranic school
In northern Nigeria is up to 33,426 with the students enrollment up to 183,374.
ARABIC WRITING
The invention of Arabic writing has helped the Africans to preserve knowledge in various storage devices
and to retrieve it in demand
with less dependence on the human memory.
Despite scanty documentation of the Nigerian History before colonial rule,
Wahala
scholar’s knows for certain that Northern Nigeria during medieval
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times has contact with kingdom of the Western Sudan,
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such as Ghana, Mali an Songhai in the 9th and 10th century.
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By the 14th century Northern Nigeria had embraced Islam,
with kano becoming the entre of Islamic studies and a great commercial cross- road of Western Sudan.
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The geographic and strategic position of Borno made it a convenient settlement
area for the Arab emigrants from Egypt.
Before the Christianity and Western Education in West Africa,
great centre of Islamic learning has flourished in Timbucto (Timbktu) and Sankore.
ARABIC like Latin in the medieval Europe was the dominant language if scholarship and culture as well as the medium of diplomacy,
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commerce and correspondence.
Mualims has a universalistic conception of religion
which permeates their political military and intellectual pursuits,
following the successful Jihad (Hy War)of Usman Dan Fodio in the early 19th century
Islamic Education was highly spread in all the conquered areas.
Dan Fodio one was said to have authored 42 titles in 1817,
28 titles by his brother Abdullahi Danfodio in 1828 and 20 titles by Muhammad Bello in 1837.
MUSLIM LIBRARY
There were some notable Muslim libraries in the ancient time in North Africa.
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These were libraries belonged to Muslim scholars and princess.
These personages opened their libraries to those who want benefit irrespective of their social status.
Most Arab towns in North Africa,
had libraries Tripoli in Syria had libraries up to the crusades.
The most remarkable of them was the Baghdad which had 36 libraries.
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Today there is a directorate of libraries in the Muslim world.
How interesting
Most did not only serve as prayer houses but also as schools,
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Community centers and libraries.
Muslims were book loving people since their Holy book,
The Quran instructed all Muslims to read and write,
explanatory writing on the Quran led to thousands of works being written.
One was hr Hadith e.g Al- Bukhari who wrote 97 volumes.
Also, multi-volums was the Sira (biographical directories of the prophet).
The TAFSIR commentary on the Quran was very large.
Scholars build schools and mosques and public libraries.
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DEVELOPMENT OF LIBRARIANSHIP IN AFRICAN
African is generally regarded as the Dark Continent because
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there was very tittle interaction between Africans
An the West during the ancient times.
Though African was lated in receiving western civilization,
It is known however
that collection of recorded knowledge has existed in African
as witnessed the development of writing and libraries in Egypt as well as in Ethiopia.
There I no doubt that the missionaries were in the forefront
of spreading knowledge in African,
They developed a system of writing in African language and encourage literacy.
Also the Islamic spread to African brought the use of Arabic
writing which created Arabic records.
By the 19th century many important libraries existed In African,
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E.g South African had a library in Cape Town (1818)known as South Africa public library,
Other libraries,such as grahams town (1842) Port Elizabeth (1848),
Gradock (1850) all in South African.
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The Fourah Bay college library was founded in Sierra Leone in 1827,
Others are university library in which Liberia was established in 1862 while national library of Cairo was established in 1870
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And the first agricultural Library in trooical African was established in Zomba,
Nysaland (now Malawi)in 1899.
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However it is noted that thr rapid development of libraries in African then was as a result of the economic interest of the colonial master’s purely.
For example,the production of export crops was emphasized fir commercial purposes.
Thus,a number of research institutes and their libraries were established with a view
to advancing their production.
One significant development in eastern region of African was the establishment of easiest African literature bureau in 1947.
It was setup mainly to meet and faster the increasing demands for book,
encourage local authorship and publish books in local language an in English,
It was also mandate to establish large libraries in three capital towns of Keya,
Tanganyika (now Tanzania,and Uganda).
THE TOLE of INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS.
International organizations sug as Carnegie corporation on new York,USA,
the British council anc the united nations Educational scientific and cultural organization (UNESCO)played a significant role
In the development of libraries in African fir example,the first public library established in Nigeria was in lagos
with the support of Carnegie corporation in 1932 it was also responsible for settling
the first library school in West African Ibadan Nigeria in 1959.
On the other hand British council was very prominent innthr establishment of libraries in Anglophone African.
The council also provided scholarship to enable African librarian to attend training programmes
locally it British library schools as well as the provision of funds for the development
agreed to maintain such libraries when established.
In 1959,the British council decided on the acceleration of indigenous library development
in Anglophone African consequently,it was responsible for the acceleration of national public library system
in Sierra Leone, Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi, Botswana and Swaziland.
UNESCO was responsible for organizing the famous UNESCO seminar on the development of public libraries
in African held in Nigeria in 1953.
Anglophone African
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The seminar comes out with the following resolutions:
Wow in Africa held in Nigeria
1.Organizing public library services on regional sealed .
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2. Provison , selection and use of publications and audio-visual materials in African public libraries
3. Professional training for public library services.
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The recommendation of the development of librarianship in African.
Tje seminar also suggested the setting up of regional library schools at Ibadan Nigeria.
Development of librarianship in African
Dakar in Senegal and kampala in Uganda, it also suggested the idea of forming library association know as West African Library Association (WAIA)
Library schools in ibadan
It was inaugurated in Lagos in 1954.
Member countries in African today hav strong National Library Associations;
The Nigeria library association which is empowered to maintain a register of Librarian,
Only the registered members are allowed to practice as librarian in the country.
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The council is also charged with determining tye standard of knowledge and skills
to possesses by person seeking to be registered as librarians.
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PRE- COLONIAL INFORMATION SERVICE
Library tradition s we know it today did not existed in Nigeria before the colonial period.
However Nigeria hav their way I’d passing information for the citizens.
Nigeria is a conglomeration of kingdoms
Republic and city state. In the West and South monarchies system was in practice,
It is elaborate system of administration.
The monarchies (palaces) appointed title holders some of whom were hereditary/princes calkes enogies ruled the provinces.
They also have chiefly sub-system at Hamlet level.
In the eastern part mostly the inhabitants are republican in setting.
Every clan is autonomous and directive was only taken from the clan elder person.
They are aristocracy in setting.
They depend largely on the report of council of elders which is usually meeting are means of spreading information.
Older people made their memories available; they are information banks for their communities
While grandparents doubled their riles as consultants on family history.
The North has theire own system of information services.
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It has a diversified administration and public information system with it’s Sarki palace officiala
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Who are title holders e.g. Dogari, District Officer Maishaila information officer or (town crier)e.t.c
COLONIAL GOVERNMENT EFFORTS
The first interest if the British Government was economic,
therefore law and order were to ne maintained in order to promote commerce.
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Such British Government representatives in Nigeria Sir Lord Lugard under the directive if the British Government
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decided to amalgamate the North and the Southern Nigeria in 1914.
Lord Lugard laid the foundation for the development of Government Libraries (special libraries)
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when he directed the evil service to keep eight 8 types if books in the provincial anD divisional headquarters,there are:
1.A complete volume of the laws of Nigeria
2.Order from council and gazette notice made under them.
3.Government general order.
4.The political memoranda by the government.
5. File of the rigernment gazette annual reports.
6. Quran and the Bible
7. Standard Law Books such as broom is common Law.
8.The telegraph code boo.
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